Male infertility can be caused by multiple factors

Male infertility can be caused by multiple factors, and some of these reasons can result in not only infertility but also significant health issues that can persist throughout life and affect older individuals.

1. Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY), a genetic problem, often causes non-obstructive azoospermia. Although 40-60% sperm can be obtained with micro TESE, deterioration of testicular function and testosterone deficiency may cause osteoporosis, muscle wasting (sarcopenia), early dementia and heart diseases in these people with advancing age. Additionally, type-2 diabetes is also frequently observed.

2. Although sperm can be easily obtained from the testicle with TESA in patients with cystic fibrosis, which is also a genetic disorder and causes obstructive azoospermia as a result of the congenital absence of sperm ducts. Additional health problems such as lung and pancreatic diseases, congenital absence of a unilateral kidney, and tooth and gum problems are observed.

3. Undescended testicles are observed in 3. 1-5% with normal birth and in 30% of prematüre births. Sperm production is affected due to high temperature in the abdomen. In cases detected and treated over two years old, various conditions ranging from azoospermia to sperm count and motility disorders are observed. The risk of developing testicular cancer are not reducedi and it is higher than normal people.

4. In cases of hypospadias, where the urinary hole is on the front of the penis, popularly referred to as prophet's circumcision, sperm production is generally normal, but additional urinary system anomalies, penile curvature, ejaculation problems and resulting difficulty in sexual intercourse may occur.

5. Testosterone is a hormone necessary not only for sperm production and sexual performance, but also for important body functions such as a healthy musculoskeletal structure, heart health, regular fat metabolism and brain health. Testosterone deficiency can cause important health problems such as musculoskeletal disorders (sarcopenia/osteoporosis), increased risk of heart disease, increased lipid levels, and risk of early dementia/Alzheimer's disease.

6. Varicocele, which is observed at a rate of 5-10% even in normal individuals, is seen at a rate of 20-30% in those who apply due to infertility. It causes different degrees of sperm disorders. Varicocele, which can be treated surgically, may lead to problems such as decrease in testicular size (atrophy) and testosterone deficiency over time.